visual perception

Seeing the world through your eyes is an important way to collect about 80% of information in your life. It is the fastest way to collect a lot of information among the ways to perceive the world. Gathering information visually is one of the essential knowledge designers must know because it serves as a trigger for many experiences. Most designers understand this principle and create a visual outcome, or combine the other five senses to design an entire experience. Understanding the principles of visual perception will help you understand how puzzling designs work.

how do we see

All objects emit or reflect light. The eye has evolved into a form that makes it easy to collect information that reflects light from the outside. Light passes through the cornea and pupil of the eye to reach the lens. When an image is formed on the retina, information is obtained by various cells in the retina. It interprets information through light-sensitive rod cells (rods) and color-sensitive cone cells (cones). This information is collected in the optic nerve and transmitted via the optic nerve to the brain. The camera isn't modeled after the shape of an eye, but the structure is similar.

• Visual information is light that bounces off objects.
• Seeing is the stimulation of cells.
• Depending on the stimulus, the cells can be fatigued.

what did the eyes look like?

Your eyes are the size of a ping-pong ball. The only difference is the hole through which the eyes are visible, but the human eyes are almost the same size. The cornea is the transparent membrane at the front of the eyeball that protects the eyeball and serves as a window that refracts light and transmits it to the retina. The iris is controlled to control the amount of light entering, and the hole through which light passes is called the pupil. Light passing through the pupil is refracted through the lens and transmitted to the retina. The refracted light forms a film-like image on the retina, and multiple cells transmit the information to the optic nerve.

• Human eyes are similar.
• The ability of humans to distinguish the shape and color of objects is almost the same.
• Color blindness usually occurs when cells in the retina do not function.

What Happens in the Brain? – Visual information processing process

So, how is the information collected by the eyes processed? Information gathered by the eye is processed in layers. Our brain has about 5-6 steps to categorize information. Information collected through the eyes passes through the optic nerve in the order of LGN > V1 > V2 > V3 > LOC. Lateral Knee Body (LGN)compresses the entire geometry around the edges of the object. Primary visual cortex (V1)analyzes the depth using the contour of the object, the direction of motion, and the difference between left and right. Secondary visual cortex (V2)analyzes the overall shape and the color difference of each part. Tertiary visual cortex (V3)Recognizes the entire object contour, internal shape structure, and movement Quaternary visual cortex (V4)Recognize detailed colors in Occipital Cortex (LOC)In the various information is grouped and related semantic analysis and information integration. (Strictly speaking, the visual cortex is treated as a single region, but some visual regions are divided into 15 or more.)

• Shape perception: Based on the sensory information collected mainly from the edges, it is organized into meaningful information. The method of organizing the senses based on information that distinguishes them from other objects is supported by the Gestalt theory.

• Color perception: Among human memories, color memory is the most outstanding. The cells of the visual cortex that respond to color are mainly V4, located in the central and corresponding regions of the retina. Above the center of the retina are only cone cells, which are more sensitive to color. V4 is concerned with color information rather than shape, size, or movement.

• Motor perception: Several visual cortices tend to be particularly responsive to moving objects, with V5 cells being particularly sensitive.